Skip to main content

Structuring tool, not legal advice.

Legal area · Consumer

Consumer & Contract

The goods were faulty, the service substandard, or the refund refused. We structure the purchase evidence, your rights under the Consumer Rights Act 2015, and the options for a card chargeback or a small-claims court application.

Time limit
6 years for contract claims. 3 years for negligence claims.
Response window
14 days to reply
Jurisdiction
England and Wales

Or pick one:

Free and confidential. No legal knowledge needed.

0Years to bring a contract claim
0Days to reject faulty goods
£0Average consumer claim value
0Minutes to complete intake
Chapter 1

What you're facing

The most common consumer issues people bring to Ratio.

  • Faulty goods or services
  • Breach of contract
  • Refund disputes
  • Misrepresentation
  • Cancellation rights
  • Unfair contract terms
Real scenarios

Composite cases drawn from common consumer matters. Names changed; facts representative.

Helen — £2,400 faulty sofa

£2,400Consumer Rights Act 2015 s.20

Leather cracked within eight weeks. Retailer refused a refund and offered a repair that took 11 weeks and failed again.

OutcomeRatio structured the short-right claim timeline so she could issue at the small-claims track with photos and correspondence indexed.

Daniel — builder walked off site

£8,500Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982

Paid 60% upfront for a loft conversion. Builder stopped showing up after tear-down and went silent on calls.

OutcomeContract, photos of incomplete work, and payment records assembled for a letter before action under pre-action conduct.

Yusuf — holiday misrepresented

£1,400Package Travel Regulations 2018

Advertised as ‘5-star beachfront’; turned out to be a building site with no sea view. Tour operator refused refund.

OutcomeBrochure screenshots, ABTA complaint, and day-by-day diary structured into a package-travel claim file.

The Difference

What changes when you arrive prepared

Person stressed with paperwork

Without Ratio

1–2 hours at first appointment

  • Solicitor spends the first 30 minutes establishing basic facts
  • Key deadlines may have passed before you realise
  • You may not know what evidence you need
  • First appointment costs more
Confident professional with organised documents

With Ratio

15 minutes of preparation

  • Your facts are already organised when you walk in
  • Deadlines are flagged and explained before your appointment
  • Evidence gaps are identified and listed for you
  • Your solicitor can focus on strategy, not admin
Chapter 2

The legal picture

The statutes, limitation periods, evidence, and pathway you need to know.

What the law says

Consumer Rights Act 2015

Goods, services, and digital content standards

Consumer Contracts Regulations 2013

Distance selling and cancellation rights

Sale of Goods Act 1979

Implied terms in sale of goods (B2B)

Misrepresentation Act 1967

False statements inducing contracts

Limitation: 6 years for contract claims. 3 years for negligence claims.
Pre-Action Practice Direction (letter before action): 14 days to reply

Evidence you'll likely need

  • Contract or agreement
  • Invoices and receipts
  • Correspondence (emails, messages)
  • Photos of faulty goods
  • Expert reports
  • Advertising materials

The typical pathway

  1. 01

    Letter of Complaint

    Allow 14 days response

    Write to the other party setting out the issue

  2. 02

    Letter Before Action

    14 days for response

    Formal letter warning of court proceedings

  3. 03

    ADR / Mediation

    Varies

    Consider alternative dispute resolution

  4. 04

    Issue Claim

    1-2 weeks

    File county court claim (online or N1 form)

  5. 05

    Hearing

    Set by court

    Small claims hearing (under 10,000) or fast track

What the other side will argue

Knowing the common defences lets you collect the right evidence early.

Their argument

Goods were of satisfactory quality when delivered

Seller may argue the goods met the required standard at point of sale

How to answerPhotos, expert reports, or evidence that the fault was inherent not caused by use

Their argument

The consumer caused the damage

Seller may claim misuse or improper handling

How to answerUsage records, manufacturer guidelines, and evidence of normal use

Their argument

Repair or replacement was offered

Under CRA 2015, the seller has one opportunity to repair or replace

How to answerEvidence that repair/replacement was inadequate or refused

Chapter 3

How Ratio helps

Talk to The Usher, or jump straight into structured intake.

Your consumer matter, structured in about 14 minutes

Ratio asks plain-language questions in the right order. At the end you get a matter file with your facts, parties, timeline, evidence, and the legal framework — ready to take to a solicitor. It is not legal advice.

Or pick one:

Free and confidential. No legal knowledge needed.

Chapter 4

Frequently asked

Can I still claim if I’ve had the item for more than 30 days?

Yes. After the short right, the Consumer Rights Act 2015 gives you a right to repair or replacement, and eventually a price reduction or final refund. Ratio maps which stage you’re at.

Does this work for services too, not just goods?

Yes — CRA 2015 covers services (must be performed with reasonable care and skill) and digital content. Different evidence matters (e.g. service history, promises made before contract).

What if I paid by credit card?

Section 75 of the Consumer Credit Act gives you a joint claim against the card issuer for purchases between £100 and £30,000. Ratio flags this route and structures the section 75 complaint.

Is small claims really separate from ‘real’ court?

Small claims is part of the County Court — same jurisdiction, simpler procedure, limited costs. Claims up to £10,000 usually stay on the small-claims track.

How long do I have to bring a claim?

Six years from the breach for contract claims (three for negligence). Ratio calculates limitation for you based on what you tell it.

Ready to structure your consumer matter?

Free to begin. No account required. Most clients complete their file in about 14 minutes.

Or pick one:

Free and confidential. No legal knowledge needed.

Safeguarding support is built in — if something urgent comes up we flag free help (Shelter, Samaritans, 999) before anything else.

  • England and Wales only. We do not cover other jurisdictions.
  • Your information is private. We do not sell your data to third parties.
  • Designed for solicitor review. A structured file, readable in around fifteen minutes.