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Structuring tool, not legal advice.

Legal area · Debt

Debt & Money

A creditor is demanding payment you dispute, or someone owes you money and won't pay. We structure the contract trail, the defences the law gives you, and the formal notice periods that must run before court.

Time limit
6 years for most debts. 12 years for debts under a formal deed.
Response window
30 days to reply
Jurisdiction
England and Wales

Or pick one:

Free and confidential. No legal knowledge needed.

0Years to enforce a simple debt
0Days notice before court action
£0Small-claims track limit
0Minutes to complete intake
Chapter 1

What you're facing

The most common debt issues people bring to Ratio.

  • Disputed debts
  • Debts too old to enforce (statute-barred)
  • Enforcing a County Court Judgment (CCJ)
  • Bailiff or enforcement-agent conduct
  • Unfair lending practices
  • Debt harassment
Real scenarios

Composite cases drawn from common debt matters. Names changed; facts representative.

Rachel — £3,500 unpaid invoice

£3,500Pre-Action Protocol for Debt Claims

Freelance designer; client ghosted after the final deliverable. Six months of chase emails unanswered.

OutcomeRatio produced a compliant 30-day letter before action with interest calculated under the Late Payment of Commercial Debts Act.

Liam — statute-barred CCJ

£1,800Limitation Act 1980 s.5

Creditor chasing a seven-year-old debt with no payments or written acknowledgments since 2018.

OutcomeRatio flagged the statute-barred defence and organised bank statements proving no acknowledgment within six years.

Chen — aggressive bailiffs

Home at riskTribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007, Schedule 12 (bailiff powers)

Enforcement agents threatened to force entry over a disputed parking ticket. Original fine never served properly.

OutcomeService history and proportionality issues structured for a Stage 2 complaint and CCJ set-aside application.

The Difference

What changes when you arrive prepared

Person stressed with paperwork

Without Ratio

1–2 hours at first appointment

  • Solicitor spends the first 30 minutes establishing basic facts
  • Key deadlines may have passed before you realise
  • You may not know what evidence you need
  • First appointment costs more
Confident professional with organised documents

With Ratio

15 minutes of preparation

  • Your facts are already organised when you walk in
  • Deadlines are flagged and explained before your appointment
  • Evidence gaps are identified and listed for you
  • Your solicitor can focus on strategy, not admin
Chapter 2

The legal picture

The statutes, limitation periods, evidence, and pathway you need to know.

What the law says

Limitation Act 1980

s.5

6-year limitation for simple contracts

County Courts Act 1984

County Court jurisdiction and procedure

Tribunals Courts and Enforcement Act 2007

Enforcement powers

Consumer Credit Act 1974

Regulated credit agreements

Limitation: 6 years for most debts. 12 years for debts under a formal deed.
Debt Claims pre-action protocol: 30 days to reply

Evidence you'll likely need

  • Loan agreement or credit contract
  • Bank statements
  • Demand letters
  • Payment records
  • Correspondence about the debt
  • County Court Judgment (CCJ) documents

The typical pathway

  1. 01

    Letter Before Action

    30 days per Pre-Action Protocol

    Demand payment with 30-day deadline

  2. 02

    Issue Claim

    1-2 weeks

    File county court claim via Money Claims Online or N1

  3. 03

    Judgment in Default

    14 days after service

    If no response, request default judgment

  4. 04

    Enforcement

    Varies

    Warrant of control, attachment of earnings, or charging order

What the other side will argue

Knowing the common defences lets you collect the right evidence early.

Their argument

The debt is statute-barred

Debts become unenforceable after 6 years if no payments or acknowledgments

How to answerPayment records showing last payment date within 6 years

Their argument

The amount claimed is disputed

Debtor may dispute the outstanding balance

How to answerComplete payment records, invoices, and account statements

Their argument

The agreement is unenforceable

Credit agreements may be unenforceable if not properly executed

How to answerOriginal signed agreement and compliance with Consumer Credit Act 1974

Chapter 3

How Ratio helps

Talk to The Usher, or jump straight into structured intake.

Your debt matter, structured in about 14 minutes

Ratio asks plain-language questions in the right order. At the end you get a matter file with your facts, parties, timeline, evidence, and the legal framework — ready to take to a solicitor. It is not legal advice.

Or pick one:

Free and confidential. No legal knowledge needed.

Chapter 4

Frequently asked

Is the debt really statute-barred after six years?

Generally yes for simple contracts, provided you haven’t paid toward it or acknowledged it in writing inside the last six years. Court judgments are different (12 years).

Do I need to send a letter before action?

The Pre-Action Protocol for Debt Claims requires 30 days’ notice before issuing — skipping it risks costs penalties. Ratio produces a compliant letter from your facts.

Can I add interest to what I’m owed?

Yes, under the Late Payment of Commercial Debts (Interest) Act 1998 for B2B debts (8% above base plus a fixed sum), or at the county-court rate (normally 8%) for consumer debts.

What’s the difference between a CCJ and a statutory demand?

A County Court Judgment (CCJ) is a court judgment you can enforce. A statutory demand is a formal debt demand that can trigger bankruptcy. Ratio explains which applies to your situation.

Can I stop a bailiff at the door?

You usually don’t have to let them in (except for criminal fines). Ratio flags enforcement-agent rights and helps you structure a Stage 1 complaint or CCJ set-aside.

Ready to structure your debt matter?

Free to begin. No account required. Most clients complete their file in about 14 minutes.

Or pick one:

Free and confidential. No legal knowledge needed.

Safeguarding support is built in — if something urgent comes up we flag free help (Shelter, Samaritans, 999) before anything else.

  • England and Wales only. We do not cover other jurisdictions.
  • Your information is private. We do not sell your data to third parties.
  • Designed for solicitor review. A structured file, readable in around fifteen minutes.